I. Introduction: The biblical Book of Exodus, specifically chapter 34, offers profound inspiration to Christians seeking to understand God’s nature and the relationship He desires with His people. It reveals the second issuance of the Law and the renewing of God’s covenant with His people, painting a vivid picture of God’s grace and commitment to His people.
II. The Second Issuance of the Law (Exodus 34:1-4)
In these verses, God commands Moses to chisel two stone tablets like the first ones that Moses threw down and broke in anger (Exodus 32:19). This second issuance signifies God’s grace and willingness to renew His covenant despite the people’s sins (Jeremiah 31:31-34). God’s command to Moses to appear alone emphasizes the sacredness of the event and mirrors the original experience (Exodus 24:12-18).
III. God’s Self-Revelation (Exodus 34:5-7)
When God descended in the cloud, He revealed His character as compassionate, gracious, slow to anger, filled with unfailing love, and faithfulness (Exodus 34:6), all of which echo in other scriptures (Psalms 86:15; 103:8; Numbers 14:18). He emphasizes His justice by stating He “will not leave the guilty unpunished” (Exodus 34:7), a sentiment repeated in Nahum 1:3, reminding us that God’s love does not negate His justice.
IV. Moses’ Response (Exodus 34:8-9)
These verses show Moses’ quick response to God’s revelation – he bows, worships, and pleads for God’s presence amongst the people, a model for how Christians should respond to God’s grace (Hebrews 4:16). Moses acknowledges the people’s unworthiness but appeals to God’s merciful nature.
V. The Renewal of the Covenant (Exodus 34:10-27)
God agrees to make a covenant with Israel, creating a distinct relationship between Him and His people (Leviticus 26:12; Ezekiel 37:27). He warns against any allegiance with the inhabitants of Canaan (Exodus 34:12-16) and reiterates the importance of the Sabbath and the annual festivals (Exodus 34:18-26). His instructions echo earlier commands (Exodus 20:8-11; 23:14-19), emphasizing His unchanging nature (James 1:17).
VI. Moses’ Radiant Face (Exodus 34:28-35)
Upon descending from Mount Sinai, Moses’ face was radiant, shining with God’s glory (2 Corinthians 3:7-18), a visible sign of his intimate encounter with God. This experience is a symbol of transformative encounters with God that every Christian should seek (Romans 12:2).
VII. Conclusion: Exodus 34 is a profound inspiration, revealing God’s loving, faithful, and gracious nature. It teaches us about His desire for a unique relationship with His people and the importance of obedience to His commands. His grace and mercy in renewing His covenant with the Israelites inspire hope for all seeking His presence today.
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