Exodus 21: Further Explanation of the Ten Commandments

Introduction: The book of Exodus occupies a critical position in the Bible’s blueprint, providing deep insights into the spiritual life and journey of believers. Exodus 21, specifically, underlines some of the pivotal ordinances designated by God through Moses for the Israelites. This chapter is often misunderstood due to its complex and arcane laws. However, a profound evaluation can help unleash its spiritual depth and relevance to contemporary Christianity.

I. Exodus 21:1 – The Slave and Master Relationship

Exodus 21:1 draws a parallel to the New Testament where Paul discusses the relationships between slaves and their masters. Ephesians 6:5-9 instructs slaves to obey their masters as they would Christ, and masters to treat their slaves with fairness, realizing they too have a Master in heaven. This verse underscores the spiritual principle of mutual respect and fairness in all relationships.

II. Exodus 21:5-6 – The Willing Servant

The willingness of the servant to serve his master indefinitely in Exodus 21:5-6 symbolizes our commitment to Christ. Just as the servant’s ear was pierced against the door (the threshold), Christians are marked by their faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 1:13-14). This act illustrates the believer’s devotion and willingness to serve the Lord.

III. Exodus 21:12 – The Sanctity of Life

Exodus 21:12 emphasizes the sanctity of life, which aligns with the sixth commandment in Exodus 20:13, “You shall not murder”. Jesus further elaborates on this in Matthew 5:21-22, stressing that even harboring anger against a brother equates to murder. Upholding the sanctity of life requires not just physical non-violence, but also emotional and verbal kindness.

IV. Exodus 21:23-25 – The Law of Retribution

While Exodus 21:23-25 discusses the law of retribution, Jesus challenges this old law in Matthew 5:38-39 by introducing the concept of turning the other cheek. This spiritual principle emphasizes forgiveness and leaving vengeance to God (Romans 12:19).

V. Exodus 21:28-30 – Responsibility for One’s Actions

Exodus 21:28-30 underlines the importance of accepting responsibility for one’s actions, a principle echoed in Galatians 6:7-8. This teaches us that our actions have consequences, and we will reap what we sow. As believers, we should strive to sow righteousness and love.

VI. Exodus 21:33-34 – Responsibility towards Neighbors

The final verses, Exodus 21:33-34, emphasize personal responsibility towards our neighbors. This aligns with Jesus’s command to love our neighbors as ourselves (Matthew 22:39). As believers, we are to honor and respect others, showing God’s love in our interactions.

CONCLUSION: Exodus 21, although filled with ancient laws, offers profound spiritual insights. As we evaluate and interpret these laws in light of the New Testament teachings, we see their principles unfold: respect for others, commitment to God, sanctity of life, forgiveness, personal responsibility, and love for our neighbors. These principles are not only relevant but are essential for a thriving spiritual life. By embracing these principles, believers can deepen their spiritual walk, embodying Christ’s love and righteousness in the world.